Buffalo Mountain Natural Area Preserve is a Natural Area Preserve located in Floyd County, Virginia. It hosts thirteen rare plant occurrences, three rare animal occurrences, and six significant natural communities, all on Buffalo Mountain. The summit is treeless, supporting Three-toothed Cinquefoil and Rocky Mountain woodsia, among other plants; other wildflowers, such as bog bluegrass and large-leaved grass-of-Parnassus, may be seen elsewhere on the mountain. Buffalo Mountain is also only place in the world where the mealybug Puto kosztarabi is known to live.